Bricks Thermiston AAC Bricks
What is AAC Autoclave Thermostone Brick?
Thermostone bricks are lightweight aerated concrete (AAC) also called aerated concrete.
Thermostone is a thoroughly cured mixture of lime materials such as cement and fine silicon materials such as quartz sand with the addition of water and aluminum powder that acts as a foaming agent to form a homogeneous cellular structure known as calcium silicate hydrate.
Thermstone bricks are a high quality structural material, carrier and insulating material very well due to the many small, non-connected air bubbles that give thermostone its incredibly versatile qualities. High-pressure steam curing in an autoclave achieves a physically and chemically stable product with an average density of approximately one-fourth of regular concrete.
Thermostone bricks are produced as precast reinforced blocks and units, walls and lintels/roofs that form a complete building system.
Thermstone bricks have been used in large-scale projects such as residences, schools, hospitals, commercial, industrial and government projects under all climatic conditions since the early 1930s all over the world.
Thermstone brick is certainly one of the major achievements in the field of construction. It is a revolutionary material that offers a unique combination of strength, lightness, heat insulation, sound absorption, unsurpassed fire resistance and unsurpassed buildability.
Thermostone brick is a natural, non-toxic, energy-saving and environmentally friendly building material.
As a building system, thermostone bricks meet all the requirements of our modern times around the world. Its properties guarantee a building material that outperforms all others. In view of the rapid development and increasing demand, we can claim with certain justifications that thermostone bricks are the perfect choice for building construction
Brick advantages Thermiston
Thermostone brick is grayish white with a flat surface.
The pores in the thermostone brick material can be divided according to the size into small pores (<0.1mm) and large pores (0.1 to 1.0mm). Of the total porosity or pore size, approximately 35% are micropores and the remaining 65% are large pores
Solid thermostone bricks are used as non-load bearing walls and heat insulating ceiling tiles as roofing blocks.
1- bricks
Thermostone blocks are now produced in the following standard sizes: Standard face size: 20cm high x 60cm thick: 10, 15, 20, 30 and 40cm The above standard sizes are usually with a nominal dry density of 550kg/m3 Available in our stock. It is possible to produce other dimensions upon request, but these should be referred to the sales department or technical departments for verification.
2- Robes
Ribs blocks or grouting blocks for corrugated board can be produced in various dimensions to form a lightweight grouting between the ribs of reinforced concrete in situ designed to span in one or both directions. Due to their excellent bond to on-site concrete, rib blocks can be easily arranged to form a permanent part of the slab, providing excellent thermal insulation as well as a fire retardant material. Rapes are produced with a density of 450 kg / m3 according to the following dimensions:
Length: 60 cm
Height: 20 cm
Thickness: 20, 25, 30, 35 cm
With a tolerance of ±3 mm for thickness and width,
Therefore it can be laid by thin mortar (mortar) with a maximum of 3 mm. This results in a high-quality wall structure with uniform thermal insulation and quick installation
Thurmaston bricks are produced through a very complex and advanced manufacturing process under the close supervision of chemists and engineers. Thermostone bricks and rubbles are manufactured in all thicknesses 5 cm / 7.5 cm / 10 cm / 15 cm / 20 cm / 25 cm / 30 cm, with a height of 20 cm and a length of 60 cm.
The basic raw materials are silica, water, aluminum powder and cement. The silica is ground to the required fineness in a ball mill before being mixed with other raw materials with water to form a slurry to which a proportion of aluminum powder is added as an expanding agent.
The regulated amount of aluminum powder gives precise control over the density of the final product. The molds are only partially filled with slurry which then expands in a controlled reaction to fill the molds.
When the block is solid enough, the molds are stripped and the cake is cut with wire to close the tolerances of the slabs and blocks using high precision cutting technology. It is then steam cured under high pressure in an autoclave for up to 15 hours.
This completes the chemical process, resulting in a unique crystal structure of calcium silicate hydrate and ensuring a stable, inert product that gives AAC distinct qualities not found in other products.
When cooled to ambient temperature, the blocks are disassembled and cut as needed. Molds are disassembled, installed, marked and stored on wooden pallets.
In fact, the thermostone brick manufacturing process produces no polluting waste gases, no hazardous waste, and no waste of expensive raw materials.
The final inspection program ensures the quality of the products.
for more Quality Control
The manufacture of lightweight aerated concrete as blocks is based on quality management that meets the requirements of ISO 9001: 2015.
The internal quality of silica sand, cement, gypsum, magnesium, lime, aluminum powder and process water is guaranteed. In a chemical lab.
For the finished products, compression, shrinkage and dry density test are carried out on a daily basis.
Crack and rip load testing is performed on the load testing machine to ensure product quality. After sterilization, the thermostone blocks are ready for packing and distribution. The blocks are joined in bundles and marked with a stamp indicating the dimensions of the block and the type of density. The blocks are arranged in piles on wooden pallets and sent for storage or distribution
Nominal dry density 520-550 kg/m³ for brick blocks
Nominal dry density of rhubarb masses (hordy) 450-470 kg/m³
Permissible load - indicates the service load in kg / m2 for walls and panels or kg / m in the case of sills. TRANSLATE THIS PAGE OPE
Thermal expansion of thermostone bricks is in the range of 8x10-6/°C. The modulus of expansion of ordinary concrete ranges from about 4 to 14x10-6/°C depending on the type of aggregate and curing procedure.
Thermstone brick products contain a moisture content of 25-40% by weight when the material is delivered. As with all concrete products, thermostone bricks will dry to equilibrium with the moisture content of the surrounding air. In this case, the moisture content is from 2% to 6% within one year of complete drying
As with all other concrete finishes, panels and walls must receive protection against water penetration, for exterior walls this can be one decorative coating
Loss of moisture in AAC causes drying shrinkage. It is determined according to the European Standard where the relative length of samples varies at specific moisture contents of 03% and 6% by mass, respectively. Average shrinkage for AAC is 200x10-6 compared to 500x10-6 for regular concrete. The low shrinkage of AAC is mainly due to the high pressure steam treatment (steam sterilization) to which the fresh material is exposed during production.
Endurance time/hour | Thickness |
4 | 10 CM |
7 | 15 CM |
7+ | 20 CM |
Thermstone bricks are less affected by high temperatures than dense concrete, not only on the uncovered side but also on the heat-exposed side. This fact is important because it affects the protection of rebar in structural units.
Thermostone products are designed to withstand normal handling and transportation. Thermstone bricks should be handled by forklifts and/or cranes with appropriate straps to avoid material damage.
Thermstone bricks are shipped by flatbed trucks or trailers and can be transported by road, train and sea for international projects.
Storage
They have unlimited storage stability, provided that they are not exposed to harsh conditions. They must be supported by properly placed stands and stored in such a way that they cannot absorb water from the ground or be sprayed with sea water. Thermstone bricks are inorganic and are not affected by termites and other insects. Pallets (height 60 cm) are stored on wooden pallets. Each pallet can store up to 3 blocks of blocks (180 cm high). In the storage area, the floor should be level to avoid tilting of the stock. The block stock can easily hold 3 pallets with 3 bundles for each of the brick blocks.
The manufacturing process as well as the core components used provide thermostone bricks with unique properties and benefits not found in other traditional building materials and will fundamentally change building practices in the industry.
1- Light weight
Thermostone bricks weigh less than a quarter compared to conventional concrete. Due to the characteristics of light weight thermostone bricks, foundation loads are significantly reduced resulting in significant savings in the overall construction cost especially in areas with poor soil bearing capacity. Light weight also means a huge advantage in transportation cost.
Thermostone brick products have a nominal dry density of 550 kg per cubic meter and weigh less than a quarter compared to conventional concrete. Other densities such as 450 or 600 kg per cubic meter can also be produced upon request. Due to its light weight.
2- Energy Efficiency
Thermstone bricks ensure a healthy and comfortable room temperature without the need for additional insulation. Thermal insulation and heat retention provide good protection against rapid cooling or overheating. This means lower energy consumption in the EMS.
3- Dimensional accuracy
The production process guarantees the exact dimensions of the panels and blocks that make up the building system. This allows for straight walls and plumbing which results in less trimming on site and reduces the amount of mortar and finishing materials required. Dimensional tolerance is ±3mm for thickness and width and ±5mm for length
4- Heat conduction
The dry thermal conductivity ("k") of thermostone bricks is 0.096 W/mºC. The air bubbles trapped in it give 10 times better insulating properties compared to conventional dense concrete. This is reflected in significant savings in electricity consumption and improved indoor comfort. A special independent study confirmed that a 63% energy saving is achieved when using thermostone bricks based on a model of a two-storey house with a total area of 525 sq.m.Other savings are also achieved by replacing a sandwich wall 30-35 cm thick with one wall 20 cm thick of thermostone bricks. This will reduce the size of the RC. Beams, columns and foundations will provide more living space. Masonry system thermostone bricks are ideal not only for external and internal walls, but also for ceilings. All this leads to a decrease in the average value of the thermal conductivity of the entire building surface.
Thermstone brick is the only structural material classified by the Saudi Electricity Company as an insulating material. The qualities of thermostone bricks not only exceed its competition building materials, but also far outnumber them.
The following table shows the superiority of thermostone bricks over other types of traditional bricks
5- Workability
Thermostone brick products can be sawed, cut, slotted, drilled, chased and nailed with ordinary carpentry tools making them easier to install compared to other building materials. This also simplifies the installation of electromechanical services and other facilities, which means more cost savings.
6- Fire resistance
Thermstone brick is a completely inorganic material that does not contain any combustible substances, which means that it is fire resistant. A board with a thickness of 15 cm withstands a fire for seven life-saving hours. Thermstone brick is ideal for firewall application and as protection for structural steel building.
Thermstone bricks have fire-resistant properties and are non-combustible. Thermal conduction occurs at a slow rate due to its low thermal conductivity, which gives thermostone bricks excellent fire resistance. Water in crystalline form within the material acts as a heat sink and the porous structure allows vapor to escape without causing surface spallation.
Due to its excellent fire resistance and the very positive practical experience obtained, Thermstone brick slabs and blocks have gained widespread popularity in construction all over the world. In many cases of building fires, structural parts of thermstone bricks have been able to continue functioning with minor repairs, greatly reducing the cost of fire damage.
Thermstone bricks are less affected by high temperatures than dense concrete, not only on the uncovered side but also on the heat-exposed side. This fact is important because it affects the protection of rebar in structural units.
The following table shows average rates of unprecedented fire with different thicknesses of thermstone brick walls:
Flame tolerance table
7- Sound insulation
Thermstone brick meets the appropriate standards for sound insulation in the home building, which means the cabin is quieter and more comfortable. In industrial construction, it reduces industrial noise pollution. The sound absorption of untreated surface is better than the sound absorption of dense concrete.
8- Non-toxic
Thermstone blocks are environmentally harmless, as they contain no gases, no fibers, are not dangerous to ground water and do not emit any radioactive radiation. No pollutants or toxic by-products are produced in the manufacturing process or even when exposed to fire.
9- Durability and resistance to compression
Thermstone brick products do not contain any organic materials that are subject to deterioration and will not decompose even under extreme weather conditions. Structures built several decades ago are still in active use today.
Thermstone bricks are solid and have high compressive strength for their weight, which in terms of application is quite sufficient to withstand masonry loads. Thermstone bricks achieve their final strength during the autoclaving process. The following is the minimum characteristic strength of thermstone brick material corresponding to the cube sample having a nominal dry density of 550 kg / m3:
Compressive strength = 35 kg / cm2
Tensile strength = 20 to 40% of the compressive strength
Shear strength = 20 to 30% of the compressive strength
Modulus of elasticity = 16,000 kgf/cm2
10- Earthquake resistance
The low mass of thermstone reduces the total dead load of the building and thus the seismic forces applied to its structure. Structures built in earthquake zones such as Japan and Mexico have shown good resistance to seismic forces in actual practice.11- Rapid construction
Thermstone blocks have all the advantages of the precast system i.e. it eliminates shuttering, wet construction, curing, on-site testing and quality control resulting in reduced overall construction time and cost. It also requires minimal supervision and construction personnel.12- Pest resistance
Thermostone bricks provide an airtight interior, contain no organic components and make your home unattractive to pests, insects or rodents.
Specific Heat
At normal equilibrium moisture content, the specific heat is 1.0 - 1.1 kJ/kg °C or about 0.24 - 0.26 kcal/kg °C.Melting Point
Thermiston bricks begin to sinter at about 1000°C and melt at about 1100 to 1200°C. A certain physical transformation occurs in these conditions, so thermostone bricks are not suitable for construction that will be exposed to high temperature, for example. Furnaces, stoves, chimneys, etc.Environmental Exposure
مثل أي مادة اسمنتية أخرى ، تتلف مادة طوب الثيرمستون بسبب الأحماض القوية. قد تؤدي المحاليل الملحية الحمضية مثل الكلوريدات أو الكبريتات أيضًا إلى تدهور طوب الثيرمستون على المدى الطويل. ومع ذلك ، فإن طوب الثيرمستون لا تتأثر عادة بالمحاليل القلوية. المكونات الحيوية لـ طوب الثيرمستون غير قابلة للذوبان في الماء. ومع ذلك ، مثل معظم مواد البناء الخرسانية ، يحتوي طوب الثيرمستون على كمية صغيرة من الملح القابل للذوبان في الماء والذي ليس له تأثير على القوة والمقاومة. في ظل الظروف القاسية ، يمكن أن تظهر على السطح على شكل تزهير. يعتبر تكوين االتمليح بشكل أساسي مسألة ترطيب متكرر في مجموعة من ظروف التجفيف السيئة للغاية. في ظل ظروف التجفيف العادية ، نادرًا ما يحدث.Indoor Air Quality
Even with normal construction procedures, thermostone brick buildings have excellent air resistance properties. Testing on AAC buildings measured 1 to 2.5 air changes per hour at a reference pressure of 50 Pa. This compares favorably with other types of construction, such as concrete block, where the average rate of air change at 50 Pa is about 7. (NPCA Reference, June 26, 2000)FirstThe site is well prepared and all the necessary tools are prepared before starting work on the site and the bricks are properly cast to reduce wastage and to facilitate transportation and handling during the construction process.
Second: The bricks must be sprayed well with water before construction so that it does not absorb the water in the mortar, as the light bricks are of cementitious texture in addition to being porous in formation and require treatment with water such as concrete and other types of bricks.
ThirdIn order to avoid cracks in the short or long term, it is forbidden to mix construction with any type of bricks with light bricks in the same wall because this leads to heterogeneity due to different expansion and contraction coefficients, which causes cracks in most parts of the wall, and the use of different types with light bricks reduces the efficiency Thermal insulation and fire resistance that is characterized by light bricks.
FourthlyThe bricks should be cast near the walls that will be erected, in order to facilitate the construction worker and to save time. Care must be taken to properly mix the mortar, mix and stir it, and not to ferment an excessive amount.
It is preferable to fill the seams between the bricks using:-
Thermoplaster mortar: prefabricated cement mortar bags mixed by adding 7-8 liters of water to one bag (25 kg) to be sufficient to fill the seams of a cubic meter of light bricks. It is executed with a thickness of 3-4 mm. . Using a special type of ruler.
- Ordinary mortar: من (الأسمنت وكربونات الكالسيوم والسيلكا بنسبة 1: 2: 3 يضافالى الخليط الجير بنسبة 10% من الاسمنت - و ينصح بإضافة اضافات كيميائية بوليميرية من البولي كربوكسيليك ذات السلسلة الطويلة إ لي مادة الخلط لزيادة قوة تماسك الخلطة و يضاف بنسبة 10:1 من ماء الخلط.
- Ready mortar: The pre-prepared mortar is mixed manually or mechanically in the required quantity in a mixing bowl (barrel-techna-bucket-....) for 2-3 minutes until it reaches the desired consistency, and left for 5-10 minutes.
It can also be used :
Fifth:After spraying the bricks and preparing the mortar, we start the process of building with bricks easily, but it is taken into account in the first course to prepare the surface to be built on and make sure that it is clean and free of dust or other materials. Then the horizontalness of the first course is adjusted using ordinary mortar (until the thickness of the layer is controlled Welding between the brick and the concrete surface to ensure the horizontal course of the course. A water balance or similar is used to adjust the horizontalness of the first course and the brick is fixed using a rubber hammer.
Sixthly:: يتم البناء بالطريقة التقليدية ( تشريك ) علي أن يتم شد خطوط أفقية لكل مدماكين على الأكثر ، وإستعمال ميزان خيط الشاغول كل ثلاثة مداميك على الأكثر لضمان وجودها في المستوى رأسى ، وإستعمال القدة التى لايمكن أن يقل طولها عن 3أمتار فى جميع الإتجاهات لضمان عدم بروز مدماك عن الأخر بما يسبب وجود ترهلات فى القصاره و لأن أبعاد الطوب المسامي الخفيف دقيقة للغاية فانها تساعد علي تسهيل عملية رص الطوب واستقامة مداميك البناء جيدا و بسرعة عالية.
Eighth: A metal mesh or fiberglass is used in the width of the bricks along the course every five to six courses, and a tie is made by means of an individual stapling columns or concrete at the beginning and end of the course.
Ninth:After the construction is completed, it is ensured that all (the seams) are filled to ensure the highest quality of the wall (the wall is well painted).
TenthThe blocks are cut using a saw or using a cutting knife with adjusting the verticality of the cutting and using the iron angle, in order to easily obtain the dimensions to be cut, whether it is for the walls, closures, or trimming, and also in order to reduce wastage.
Eleven: When performing electrical installations or sanitary works, the electric missile is used to determine the dimensions and depth of the holes, and then the required cavity is removed and made using the chisel. It is also possible to use a special manual drilling machine provided by the company through the technical support service, and the equipment can be used Special mechanical for opening sewers in the walls. Direct crushing of the chisel is prohibited, as is the case in some sites, in order to prevent random cracking of the wall that weakens the efficiency of the bricks. It is ensured that surfaces are sprayed with water after making electrical or sanitary openings, and that is before plastering.
Twelve: Any of the types of door or window rings (wood or iron) are easily installed using black roller nails after spraying it with an epoxy layer (mechanical or chemical), taking into account the good spraying of surfaces with water. ) And that is in the case of using ordinary mortar.
Thirteen:Before starting the plastering works, the wall is sprayed with water.
Fourteenth:The splatter is made in the traditional way and using mortar in the usual proportions, provided that it is a rough and sharp spit.
Fifteenth:Soft plaster work accessories (wire nets and bullets) should be used at the joints between concrete and walls. Chemicals such as polyurethane or similar can also be used to avoid cracks in the joints between bricks and concrete.
Sixteen: Soft plastering is done in the traditional way, provided that the filling is in stages to avoid cracks as a result of the bumps.
How to build Thermiston AAC Bricks
ThirdIn order to avoid cracks in the short or long term, it is forbidden to mix construction with any type of bricks with light bricks in the same wall because this leads to heterogeneity due to different expansion and contraction coefficients, which causes cracks in most parts of the wall, and the use of different types with light bricks reduces the efficiency Thermal insulation and fire resistance that is characterized by light bricks.Fourthly: يجب تشويل الطوب بقرب الحوائط التي سيتم أدها وذلك تسهيلاً لعامل البناء واقتصاداً في الوقت كما يجب العناية بحسن تضريب المونة وخلطها وتقليبها وعدم تخمير كمية أكثر من اللازم.يفضل تملئة اللحامات بين الطوب باستخدام:-
مونة ثيرموبلاستر : اكياس مونه أسمنتيه سابقه التجهيز تخلط بأضافة من 7 – 8 لتر من المياه الي الكيس الواحد ( 25 كيلوجرام) لكي تكفي ملئ لحامات متر مكعب من الطوب الخفيف . و يتم تنفيذه بسماكة 3 – 4 ملم . . باستخدام مسطرين (جاروف) من نوع خاص.- Ordinary mortar: من (الأسمنت وكربونات الكالسيوم والسيلكا بنسبة 1: 2: 3 يضافالى الخليط الجير بنسبة 10% من الاسمنت – و ينصح بإضافة اضافات كيميائية بوليميرية من البولي كربوكسيليك ذات السلسلة الطويلة إ لي مادة الخلط لزيادة قوة تماسك الخلطة و يضاف بنسبة 10:1 من ماء الخلط.
- Ready mortar: The pre-prepared mortar is mixed manually or mechanically in the required quantity in a mixing bowl (barrel-techna-bucket-....) for 2-3 minutes until it reaches the desired consistency, and left for 5-10 minutes.
Fifth:After spraying the bricks and preparing the mortar, we start the process of building with bricks easily, but it is taken into account in the first course to prepare the surface to be built on and make sure that it is clean and free of dust or other materials. Then the horizontalness of the first course is adjusted using ordinary mortar (until the thickness of the layer is controlled Welding between the brick and the concrete surface to ensure the horizontal course of the course. A water balance or similar is used to adjust the horizontalness of the first course and the brick is fixed using a rubber hammer.Sixthly:: يتم البناء بالطريقة التقليدية ( تشريك ) علي أن يتم شد خطوط أفقية لكل مدماكين على الأكثر ، وإستعمال ميزان خيط الشاغول كل ثلاثة مداميك على الأكثر لضمان وجودها في المستوى رأسى ، وإستعمال القدة التى لايمكن أن يقل طولها عن 3أمتار فى جميع الإتجاهات لضمان عدم بروز مدماك عن الأخر بما يسبب وجود ترهلات فى القصاره و لأن أبعاد الطوب المسامي الخفيف دقيقة للغاية فانها تساعد علي تسهيل عملية رص الطوب واستقامة مداميك البناء جيدا و بسرعة عالية.Eighth: A metal mesh or fiberglass is used in the width of the bricks along the course every five to six courses, and a tie is made by means of an individual stapling columns or concrete at the beginning and end of the course.Ninth:After the construction is completed, it is ensured that all (the seams) are filled to ensure the highest quality of the wall (the wall is well painted).TenthThe blocks are cut using a saw or using a cutting knife with adjusting the verticality of the cutting and using the iron angle, in order to easily obtain the dimensions to be cut, whether it is for the walls, closures, or trimming, and also in order to reduce wastage.Eleven: When performing electrical installations or sanitary works, the electric missile is used to determine the dimensions and depth of the holes, and then the required cavity is removed and made using the chisel. It is also possible to use a special manual drilling machine provided by the company through the technical support service, and the equipment can be used Special mechanical for opening sewers in the walls. Direct crushing of the chisel is prohibited, as is the case in some sites, in order to prevent random cracking of the wall that weakens the efficiency of the bricks. It is ensured that surfaces are sprayed with water after making electrical or sanitary openings, and that is before plastering.Twelve: Any of the types of door or window rings (wood or iron) are easily installed using black roller nails after spraying it with an epoxy layer (mechanical or chemical), taking into account the good spraying of surfaces with water. ) And that is in the case of using ordinary mortar.Thirteen:Before starting the plastering works, the wall is sprayed with water.Fourteenth:The splatter is made in the traditional way and using mortar in the usual proportions, provided that it is a rough and sharp spit.Fifteenth:Soft plaster work accessories (wire nets and bullets) should be used at the joints between concrete and walls. Chemicals such as polyurethane or similar can also be used to avoid cracks in the joints between bricks and concrete.Sixteen: Soft plastering is done in the traditional way, provided that the filling is in stages to avoid cracks as a result of the bumps.
